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INDICATIONS : NITROUS OXIDE

ANESTHESIA MEDICATIONS

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ANESTHESIA MEDICATIONS

NITROUS OXIDE

ANESTHESIA MEDICATIONS

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More on  Nitrous Oxide Below

- WIKIPEDIA

- WIKIPEDIA

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NITROUS OXIDE

Nitrous oxide , commonly known as laughing gas, is a chemical compound with the formula N2O. It is an oxide of nitrogen. At room temperature, it is a colorless non-flammable gas, with a slightly sweet odor and taste. It is used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic effects. It is known as "laughing gas" due to the euphoric effects of inhaling it, a property that has led to its recreational use as a dissociative anesthetic. It is also used as an oxidizer in rocketry and in motor racing to increase the power output of engines. At elevated temperatures, nitrous oxide is a powerful oxidizer similar to molecular oxygen.

NITROUS
OXIDE

Hospitals are administering nitrous oxide as one of the anesthetic drugs delivered by anaesthetic machines. Nitrous oxide is a weak general anesthetic, and so is generally not used alone in general anesthesia. In general anesthesia it is used as a carrier gas in a 2:1 ratio with oxygen for more powerful general anesthetic drugs such as sevoflurane or desflurane. It has a MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) of 105% and a blood:gas partition coefficient of 0.46.
When nitrous oxide is inhaled as the only anesthetic drug, it is normally administered as a mixture with 30% gas and 70% oxygen. The medical grade gas tanks, with the tradename Entonox and Nitronox contain a mixture with 50%, but this will normally be diluted to a lower percentage upon the operational dilevery to the patient. Inhalation of nitrous oxide is frequently used to relieve pain associated with childbirth, trauma, oral surgery, and heart attacks.

- WIKIPEDIA

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ANESTHESIA MEDICATIONS

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Medications Used in General Anesthesia:
Propofol, Vecuronium bromide, pancuronium, Halothane, Enflurane, Isoflurane, Midazolam, Ketamine, Nitrous Oxide, Thiopental, Etomidate, Atracurium

Regional Anesthesia:
Mepivacaine, Chloroprocaine, Lidocaine

Local Anesthesia:
Procaine, Lidocaine, Tetracaine, Bupivacaine

Topical Anesthesia:
Benzocaine, Lidocaine, Dibucaine, Pramoxine, Butamben, Tetracaine (Sprays, Ointments, Creams, Gels)

What is Anesthesia? An anesthetic (anaesthetic), is a drug that causes anesthesia — reversible loss of sensation. They contrast with analgesics (painkillers), which relieve pain without eliminating sensation. These drugs are generally administered to facilitate surgery. A wide variety of drugs are used in modern anesthetic practice. Many are rarely used outside of anesthesia, although others are used commonly by all disciplines. Anesthetics are categorized in to two classes: general anesthetics, which cause a reversible loss of consciousness, and local anesthetics, which cause a reversible loss of sensation for a limited region of the body while maintaining consciousness. Combinations of anesthetics are sometimes used for their synergistic and additive therapeutic effects, however, adverse effects may also be increased.
Safety: The major safety hazards of nitrous oxide come from the fact that it is a compressed liquefied gas, an asphyxiation risk, and a dissociative anesthetic. Exposure to nitrous oxide causes short-term decreases in mental performance, audiovisual ability, and manual dexterity. Long term exposure can cause vitamin B12 deficiency, numbness, reproductive side effects, and other problems. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends that workers' exposure to nitrous oxide should be controlled during the administration of anesthetic gas in medical, dental, and veterinary operators.